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Using Transmilenio as the Main Mode of Transport and Perceived Mobility Satisfaction
Keywords:
Transmilenio, urban mobility, public transport, user satisfaction, Propensity Score Matching, spatial analysisAbstract
This study analyzes the relationship between the use of Transmilenio as the main mode of transport and perceived satisfaction with urban mobility in Bogotá. Using data from the 2024 Mobility and Urban Environment Perception Survey, the study applies Propensity Score Matching (PSM) to compare Transmilenio users with comparable individuals who rely on other modes of transportation. The propensity score is estimated through a Logit model that incorporates sociodemographic characteristics,
safety perceptions, and spatial factors, including distance to the nearest trunk corridor and a K-nearest neighbors (KNN) spatial proximity measure. Subsequently, Kernel Matching under common support is implemented, and covariate balance between the
comparison groups is assessed. The results show a positive and statistically significant difference in reported mobility satisfaction levels between Transmilenio users and comparable users of other transport modes (ATT = 0.235; SE = 0.016; p < 0.001), with a 95% confidence interval of [0.109, 0.276]. In addition, spatial analyses reveal the presence of geographic autocorrelation, supporting the inclusion of territorial controls in the estimation. Nevertheless, the findings should be interpreted with caution, as mobility satisfaction is a subjective and multidimensional measure that may be influenced by unobserved factors related to individual preferences, previous experiences, and perceptions of the transport system. Consequently, the results should not be interpreted as conclusive causal evidence, but rather as associations consistent with higher reported satisfaction levels among Transmilenio users after controlling for observable characteristics.
Overall, the findings suggest that mass transit systems may influence not only operational dimensions of mobility, but also users’ reported subjective travel experiences. This highlights the importance of strengthening policies aimed at improving safety, comfort, and perceived service quality within urban public transport systems.
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